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Gonadotrophins for idiopathic male factor subfertility. A variety of disorders ranging from hormonal disturbances to physical problems, to psychological problems can cause male infertility.  Although many treatment options are now available, in many cases treatment will not work.  In many instances, male infertility is caused by testicular damage resulting in an inability of the testicle to produce sperm.  Once damaged, the testicle will not usually regain its sperm-making capabilities; this aspect of male infertility is analogous to menopause (though not natural like menopause) for women and cannot usually be treated.  Despite medicine�s limited ability to treat male infertility, many successful treatment options are available for its many causes.  Besides testicular damage, the main causes of male infertility are low sperm production and poor sperm quality.   The Causes of Male Infertility Male infertility has many causes--from hormonal imbalances, to physical problems, to psychological and/or behavioral problems.  Moreover, fertility reflects a man�s �overall� health.  Men who live a healthy lifestyle are more likely to produce healthy sperm.  The following list highlights some lifestyle choices that negatively impact male fertility--it is not all-inclusive: · Smoking--significantly decreases both sperm count and sperm cell motility. · Prolonged use of marijuana and other recreational drugs. · Chronic alcohol abuse. · Anabolic steroid use--causes testicular shrinkage and infertility. · Overly intense exercise--produces high levels of adrenal steroid hormones which cause a    testosterone deficiency resulting in infertility. · Inadequate vitamin C and Zinc in the diet. · Tight underwear--increases scrotal temperature which results in decreased sperm production. · Exposure to environmental hazards and toxins such as pesticides, lead, paint, radiation, radioactive   substances, mercury,  benzene, boron, and heavy metals · Malnutrition and anemia. · Excessive stress! The following is a list of hormonal disorders which can disrupt male infertility: Hyperprolactinemia: Elevated prolactin--a hormone associated with nursing mothers, is found in 10 to 40 percent of infertile males.  Mild elevation of prolactin levels produces no symptoms, but greater elevations of the hormone reduces sperm production, reduces libido and may cause impotence.  This condition responds well to the drug Parlodel (bromocriptine).

It involves removing eggs from the ovary of a donor who has taken fertility drugs. Is Congenital Bilateral Absence of Vas Deferens a Primary Form of Cystic Fibrosis? Temperature charting is a useful way of providing early clues about anovulation, and can help gynaecologists in their diagnosis. The initial dosage of clomiphene is 50 mg daily for five days starting on day 3 to 5 of the menstrual cycle. Sperm counts can fluctuate, so that several samples may be necessary. Risk factors for male infertility include obesity, age (over 40 -- yes, men also have biological clocks), current or previous infection of an STD, smoking, or excessive drinking.

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Epidemiology of infertility For healthy young couples, the probability of getting pregnancy per a reproductive cycle is about 20% to 25%. Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, biochemical evaluation, ultrasonography, and laparotomy. Laparoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera at the end is inserted into the abdomen and pelvis, allowing a doctor to look at the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries.

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The rising number of obese individuals may be due in part to an energy-rich diet as well as insufficient physical exercise.  In addition to other potential health risks, obesity can have a significant impact on male and female fertility. Spermatid Conception. (PDF, 1 MB) Human Reproduction, 1998. The embryo is then placed in the uterus to begin a pregnancy. These include: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – long-term use or a high dosage of NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or aspirin, can make it more difficult to conceive chemotherapy – medicines used for chemotherapy can sometimes cause ovarian failure, which means your ovaries will no longer be able to function properly neuroleptic medicines – antipsychotic medicines often used to treat psychosis; they can sometimes cause missed periods or infertility spironolactone – a type of medicine used to treat fluid retention (oedema); fertility should recover around 2 months after you stop taking spironolactone Illegal drugs, such as marijuana and cocaine, can seriously affect fertility and make ovulation more difficult. Corticosteroids are usually used to reduce the production of testosterone. The fertilized embryo is then transferred to womb.

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Structural abnormalities in the uterus: these can affect the cervix or the uterine corpus.  Anomalies can be anatomical (septate uterus, T-shaped uterus, etc.) or pathologies that generate embryo implantation issues or issues with how the pregnancy progresses: polyps, endometritis, Asherman's syndrome - synechiae or adherences of the walls of the uterine cavity - or myomas, a benign tumour that generates anatomical distortion and makes getting pregnant complicated (this is one of the most common pathologies but does not necessarily cause fertility issues). Thus, an intravenous pyelogram must be performed once this diagnosis is made. Women older than 35 years or couples with known risk factors for infertility may warrant evaluation at six months. Placenta Percreta Invading Bladder. (PDF, 2 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1973. Small or firm testicles could indicate potential issues that should be explored by a medical practitioner. This highly contagious disease caused by Brucella canis results in abortion and infertility in bitches and infertility in males. Anovulation can also cause cessation of periods (secondary amenorrhea) or excessive bleeding (dysfunctional uterine bleeding). Fertilization takes place outside the body, and the fertilized egg is reinserted into the woman's reproductive tract, in a procedure called embryo transfer. In vitro fertilization (IVF). In this technique, your doctor places into your uterus that were fertilized in a dish. Specific surgical instruments used in a laparoscopic surgery include forceps, scissors, probes, dissectors, hooks, and retractors. GIFT (gamete intrafallopian tube transfer) and ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer).  Like IVF, these procedures involve retrieving an egg, combining it with sperm in a lab, and then transferring it back to your body. Your doctor may suggest that you take gonadotropin if you have unexplained infertility or when other kinds of treatment haven't helped you get pregnant.