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Ideally, the test should be performed at least twice to confirm results. Fertility Evaluation of the Male Partner: Semen Analysis Semen analysis is an essential part of the evaluation. Weight loss in obese infertile women results in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of fertility treatment. Other factors that can affect a woman's chances of conceiving include being overweight or underweight,[56] or her age as female fertility declines after the age of 30.[57] Sometimes it can be a combination of factors, and sometimes a clear cause is never established. Tests and trials are available, but testing does not always reveal a specific cause.

In 10% of cases, alterations in the chemical signals from the hypothalamus can easily seriously affect the ovaries. Damaged Sperm Ducts: Seven percent of infertile men cannot transport sperm from their testicles to out of their penis.  This pathway may be blocked by a number of conditions: · A genetic or developmental mistake may block or cause the absence of one or both tubes (which   transport the sperm from the testes to the penis). · Scarring from tuberculosis or some STDs may block the epididymis or tubes. · An elective or accidental vasectomy may interrupt tube continuity. Treatment[edit] Treatment depends on the cause of infertility, but may include counselling, fertility treatments, which include in vitro fertilization.

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Primary vs. secondary infertility[edit] Primary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months, during which they have not used any contraceptives.[14] The World Health Organisation also adds that 'women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility'.[15] Secondary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months since their last live birth, during which they did not use any contraceptives.[15] Thus the distinguishing feature is whether or not the couple have ever had a pregnancy which led to a live birth. Up to 2 percent of men are thought to have suboptimal sperm. Live Birth Following Day Surgery Reversal of Female Sterilisation in Women Older then 40 Year: A Realistic Option in Australia? (PDF, 156 KB) Medical Journal of Australia, 2007. Risk factors Risk factors that increase the risk include: Smoking significantly increases your risk of infertility Age: The ability to conceive starts to fall around the age of 32 years. These drugs also can also help you get pregnant by causing your ovaries to release multiple eggs. It is specially oriented for cancer patients, whose sperm is destroyed due to the gonadotoxic treatment they are submitted to.[70] Ovaric stem cells: it is thought that women have a finite number of follicles from the very beginning.

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Causes of Sterility in Men Image: “Colorized sperm sample under the light microscope” by Bobjgalindo. Diverse Spermatogenic Defects in Humans Caused by Y Chromosome Deletions Encompassing a Novel RNA-binding Protein Gene. (PDF, 7 MB) Nature Genetics, 1995. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection and Infertility. (PDF, 53 KB) Nature Genetics, 2001. Women with obesity have a lower probability of conceiving and are at a higher risk for issues during pregnancy than those without weight issues. The production of anti-sperm antibodies by the woman’s immune system can interfere with fertilization. A sperm analysis can be done to check a man's sperm count and the overall health of the sperm.Meredith collects data to deliver the best content, services, and personalized digital ads.

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Females[edit] The following causes of infertility may only be found in females. Ovulation disorders can be due to: Premature ovarian failure: The ovaries stop working before the age of 40 years. Some women have bilateral tubal occlusion, which is when both tubes are blocked. Some methods may be used in concert with other methods. On the day of ovulation, a mucus sample is taken after intercourse. Treatment of Female Infertility: Ovulation Induction Agents The main agents used for the induction of ovulation include: Clomiphene citrate is an orally active, nonsteroidal agent structurally similar to estrogen.