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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): The ovaries function abnormally and ovulation may not occur. Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) consists of catheterization of the uterine artery and the injection of microbeads of polyvinyl alcohol to selectively occlude the circulation of the fibroid.

Factors Affecting Fertility: STIs and Other Infections Gonorrhea and chlamidia in women can cause cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); and in men, urethritis, epididymitis, and, possibly, accessory gland infection. Isodicentric Y Chromosomes and Sex Disorders as Byproducts of Homologous Recombination that Maintains Palindromes. (PDF, 1 MB) Cell, 2009. 4) Uterine fibroids: Fibroids are very common (approximately 40% of women may have them) and the mere presence alone does not necessarily cause infertility. An ultrasound scan can detect an ectopic pregnancy. Uterine surgery: - Women with amenorrhoea who are found to have intrauterine adhesions should be offered hysteroscopic adhesiolysis because this is likely to restore menstruation and improve the chance of pregnancy.

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Castration of the affected testis may allow the other testis to regain its ability to produce sperm, but the prognosis is guarded. Several days later, embryos -- or fertilized eggs -- get put back into your uterus with a device called an intrauterine insemination catheter. 41 Treatment of Unexplained Infertility Jump to section + Couples who have no identified cause of infertility should be counseled on timing of intercourse for the most fertile period (i.e., the six days preceding ovulation). It is important to tell a doctor if excessive mental and emotional stress develop. Afterward, radiographs are taken and the contrast material can be seen in the abdominal cavity if the tubes are pervious.

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More than 60% of sperm should be normal, and less than 2-3% should be immature. After 3-6 hours, the sperm is added to the oocytes. Medication. If you have ovulation problems, you may be prescribed drugs such as clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene), gonadotropins (such as Gonal-F, Follistim, Humegon and Pregnyl), or letrozole.

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Generally, they occur in 50-100% of all abdominal surgeries,[29] with the risk of developing adhesions being the same for both procedures.[30][31] Complications of adhesions include chronic pelvic pain, bowel obstruction, and female infertility. Laparoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera at the end is inserted into the abdomen and pelvis, allowing a doctor to look at the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries. Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. If a couple has never produced a pregnancy, it is defined as primary infertility. GnRH travels down the portal system to the anterior pituitary, located on a stalk in the sella turcica, to stimulate the release of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Testicle pain or swelling There are several different conditions that could lead to pain or swelling in the testicles, many of which could contribute to infertility. 1 Among couples 15 to 44 years of age, nearly 7 million have used infertility services at some point. Surgical treatment of myomas is indicated in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding, when the myoma is implicated in recurrent miscarriages or when it is thought to interfere with embryo implantation. Normal Fertilization of Human Oocytes after Testicular Sperm Extraction and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection.(PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1994. Other causes may include: Genetic factors: A man should have an X and Y chromosome. The eggs may never be released or they may only be released in some cycles. Also possible is increased body mass and facial hair, which is relatively easy to treat, and is often associated with PCOS, or polycystic ovary syndrome. Pregnancies after Testicular Sperm Extraction and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Non-obstructive Azoospermia. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Diagnosis and Management of Hypogonadism, Infertility, and Impotence. (PDF, 13 MB) Chapter 22 of textbook,Male Reproductive Dysfunction, 1986.