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The use of Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: The Genetic Implications for Male Infertility. (PDF, 8 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. A variety of disorders ranging from hormonal disturbances to physical problems, to psychological problems can cause male infertility.  Although many treatment options are now available, in many cases treatment will not work.  In many instances, male infertility is caused by testicular damage resulting in an inability of the testicle to produce sperm.  Once damaged, the testicle will not usually regain its sperm-making capabilities; this aspect of male infertility is analogous to menopause (though not natural like menopause) for women and cannot usually be treated.  Despite medicine�s limited ability to treat male infertility, many successful treatment options are available for its many causes.  Besides testicular damage, the main causes of male infertility are low sperm production and poor sperm quality.   The Causes of Male Infertility Male infertility has many causes--from hormonal imbalances, to physical problems, to psychological and/or behavioral problems.  Moreover, fertility reflects a man�s �overall� health.  Men who live a healthy lifestyle are more likely to produce healthy sperm.  The following list highlights some lifestyle choices that negatively impact male fertility--it is not all-inclusive: · Smoking--significantly decreases both sperm count and sperm cell motility. · Prolonged use of marijuana and other recreational drugs. · Chronic alcohol abuse. · Anabolic steroid use--causes testicular shrinkage and infertility. · Overly intense exercise--produces high levels of adrenal steroid hormones which cause a    testosterone deficiency resulting in infertility. · Inadequate vitamin C and Zinc in the diet. · Tight underwear--increases scrotal temperature which results in decreased sperm production. · Exposure to environmental hazards and toxins such as pesticides, lead, paint, radiation, radioactive   substances, mercury,  benzene, boron, and heavy metals · Malnutrition and anemia. · Excessive stress! Round Spermatid Injection. (PDF, 422 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2000. Exposure to chemicals: Pesticides, for example, may increase the risk. Endocrine tests to check concentrations of the hormones testosterone, FSH and LH. Thyroid problems: An overactive or underactive thyroid gland can lead to a hormonal imbalance.

Erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation: Medication, behavioral approaches, or both may help improve fertility. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that women with unexplained infertility who haven't conceived after 2 years of having regular unprotected sex should be offered IVF treatment. Sperm can survive inside the female for up to 5 days, while an egg can be fertilized for up to 1 day after ovulation.

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If this is unsuccessful, the dosage may be increased to 100 mg daily. A smaller amount may suggest a structural or hormonal problem leading to deficient semen production; 2) sperm concentration – normal concentration should be at least 20 million sperm per 1 ml of semen. It is often defined as not conceiving after 12 months of regular sexual intercourse without the use of birth control. 3,4  Infertility may arise from male factors, female factors, or a combination of these (Table 15–8).

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These areas include the fallopian tubes, ovaries, small or large intestine, and the walls of the abdominal cavity and pelvis. Fertility treatments for men Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the infertility. It is also important to increase the frequency of intercourse by having well-timed sex regularly to improve fertility.

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Povey AC, Clyma JA, McNamee R, et al.; Participating Centres of Chaps-UK. If they're damaged, it can seriously affect the quality of your semen. Experts differ as to when genetic tests should be done. However, about one in five cases of infertility has no clear diagnosed cause.[73] In Britain, male factor infertility accounts for 25% of infertile couples, while 25% remain unexplained. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome The ovaries can swell, leak excess fluid into the body, and produce too many follicles, the small fluid sacs in which an egg develops. Come and meet us to find out more about how we can help you. Factors like stress or heavy workouts can cause your period to temporarily disappear. These tests are used to determine gland failure or obstruction. Hypospadias: The urethral opening is under the penis, instead of its tip. It is often defined as not conceiving after 12 months of regular sexual intercourse without the use of birth control. There are four parameters analyzed: 1) semen volume – should be at least 1. In younger women taking them at lower doses for a short period of time, fewer adverse effects are noted. 4) Uterine fibroids: Fibroids are very common (approximately 40% of women may have them) and the mere presence alone does not necessarily cause infertility. Refinements in the Methodology of Injection for Transvaginal Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer. (PDF, 2 MB) Human Reproduction, 1994. Adhesions with the surrounding tissue can develop as well, and reduce the motility of the tubes.