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Environmental vs Genetic Sex Determination: A Possible Factor in Dinosaur Extinction? (PDF, 307 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2004. Many health conditions can make it hard to get pregnant. Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility.

Erectile Disfunction (ED): Also known as impotence, this condition is common and affects 20 million American men.  ED is the result of a single, or more commonly a combination of multiple factors.  In the past, ED was thought to be the result of psychological problems, but new research indicates that 90 percent of cases are organic in nature.  However, most men who suffer from ED have a secondary psychological problem that can worsen the situation like performance anxiety, guilt, and low self-esteem.  Many of the common causes of impotence include:  diabetes, high blood pressure, heart and vascular disease, stress, hormone problems, pelvic surgery, trauma, venous leak, and the side effects of frequently prescribed medications (i.e. The feelings experienced by the infertile couples include depression, grief, guilt, shame, and inadequacy with social isolation. Calcification of the Seminal Vesicles and Vas Deferens in a Uremic Patient. (PDF, 3 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1971. Through this technique, your physician can diagnose abnormalities such as fibroids or polyps within the uterine cavity, and via narrow instruments that run through the hysterosope, can remove or correct the great majority of these abnormalities. These high-tech and expensive male infertility treatments give sperm an artificial boost to get into an egg.

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Your doctor may ask you many of the following questions: How long have you been trying to get pregnant? Techniques for the Resolution of Testicular Obstruction. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter 78 from textbook, Reconstructive Urology, 1992. Patients present with oligospermia but have LH levels within the reference range. However, in our modern era, women are delaying child birth until their thirties and forties, which has lead to the discovery of the adverse effect of advanced maternal age on egg function. Outlook For couples who experience fertility problems and those who wish to have children at an older age, there are more options available than ever before. 8  A normal sample according to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines is described in Table 2.

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By 2014, over 5 million people had been born after being conceived through IVF. Microsurgery in Clinical Urology. (PDF, 5 MB) Urology, 1975. Gonadotropins are available in the form of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) derived from the urine of postmenopausal women. Factors affecting Fertility Frequency/Timing of sexual intercourse: - Every 2 to 3 days optimises the chance of pregnancy Obesity: - Women who have BMI of over 30 should be informed that they are likely to take longer to conceive and will affect treatment success rates. Sperm can survive inside the female for up to 5 days, while an egg can be fertilized for up to 1 day after ovulation. Female infertility has many possible causes, such as irregular ovulation, uterine fibroids, fallopian tube blockage, PCOS, or endometriosis.

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8,37 Women in WHO group II, including those who are overweight and who have polycystic ovary syndrome, can benefit from weight loss, exercise, and lifestyle modifications to restore ovulatory cycles and achieve pregnancy. After stimulation, the physician surgically extracts one or more eggs from the ovary, and unites them with sperm in a laboratory setting, with the intent of producing one or more embryos. Reproductive Biology. (PDF, 147 KB) The Scientist, 1996. Causes in men The following are common causes of infertility in men. This abnormality is usually surgically corrected in infancy. Laparoscopy for Cryptorchidism. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1980. No consensus exists as to whether the medical treatment should precede surgery or vice versa. [154, 155, 156] Those who prefer medical treatment first argue that the size of the endometriosis decreases; therefore, surgery will be easier and shorter. A small Steering Committee with six Expert Working Group Chairs, local Swiss experts, as well as Presidents, Chairpersons and representatives of ASRM1, ESHRE2, FIGO3, GFMER4, ICMART5 and IFFS6 came to the table to share experiences, to present their current (or in-process) guidelines and to recommend a collaborative process for moving forward to generate global guidelines. There is a consistent association of Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract syndromes. Diagnosis Most people will visit a physician if there is no pregnancy after 12 months of trying. After one year of having unprotected sex, about 15 percent of couples are unable to get pregnant.