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Our goal is to have each and every patient feel as part of our team, a team that is focused on helping them have a healthy baby. A bicornuate uterus is characterized by the presence of an indentation at the fundus. Luttjeboer F, Harada T, Hughes E, Johnson N, Lilford R, Mol BW. There are also a number of sperm production problems that can contribute to infertility, including: Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles)  Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles) are swollen veins causing your testicles to get hotter and affect the production of sperm  These are treated with surgery  Testicular injury   Serious trauma to the testicles such as becoming twisted (torsion) can affect sperm production  Damage from playing sports or an accident can rupture the vessels that supply blood to the testicles  Previous injuries can’t be treated, but an ART treatment may help you to conceive Undescended testicles  In the uterus, baby boys’ testicles form in their abdomen and descend into their scrotum shortly before birth  Some men’s testicles don’t descend before they are born (cryptorchidism), although in these cases they usually drop in the first six months after birth  If left untreated, undescended testicles can affect fertility Testicular cancer  This happens when a malignant tumour in the testicle destroys testicular tissue  If undetected, testicular cancer can spread to other parts of the body  This is treated either by surgery, medication, radiotherapy or chemotherapy  However, cancer therapy can also damage sperm production  Genetic defects  Sometimes, genetic information on the Y chromosome (which is only present in men) is deleted (micro-deletions),6 which can reduce the production of sperm  Depending on where the micro-deletion is on the chromosome, this may be treated by surgically extracting sperm from part of your reproductive tract  However, some couples may need to consider using a donor sperm to conceive Mumps Contracting mumps (or mumps-related orchitis) after puberty may damage the sperm-producing cells in your testicles,  causing infertility or subfertility7 Usually, only one testicle is affected and if you have one functioning testicle you may not need treatment  However, some couples may need to use a sperm donor in order to conceive Anti-sperm antibodies  Anti-sperm antibodies are large proteins in your blood that are hostile to sperm  They can cause sperm to clump together and prevent them from swimming, or they may mistake sperm cells for an infection and try to destroy them  This can be treated using an ART treatment   Lifestyle   Sperm production can be affected by a range of lifestyle factors, including smoking, drinking, drugs, stress, overweight and unhealthy food Environmental factors can also affect your sperm quality, including overheating of your testicles, some sexual lubricants, the chemicals involved in certain manufacturing, painting or printing jobs   These factors are treated by making lifestyle changes, such as wearing loose clothing to avoid overheating Hormonal problems  Hormonal problems are rarely the cause of male infertility problems  However, some men have a natural deficiency in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), which prevents the testicles from producing testosterone or developing healthy sperm  Hormonal problems can usually be treated with medication Obstruction problems Blocked sperm ducts  Occasionally, male sperm ducts (epididymis and vas deferens) can become blocked, meaning that your semen doesn’t contain any sperm  This can be treated with surgery, or sperm may be surgically extracted from part of your reproductive tract  Vasectomy  Some men have had a previous vasectomy to stop them being able to conceive  This can sometimes be reversed using surgery  The procedure’s success depends on how long ago your vasectomy was performed  Previous infections  Infections can cause scarring or adhesions (organs sticking together) in your sperm ducts  This can usually be treated with surgery  Does age affect male fertility?

Treatment of the cause: 24. Ovulation disorders: (Group I) - Weight gain if BMI less than 19. - pulsatile administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone or gonadotrophins with luteinising hormone activity to induce ovulation. The results of these tests help determine the best fertility treatment. Other testing may be needed based on circumstances, including testicular biopsy, genetic testing, and imaging (Table 36–8,10,19,20). 1 Among couples 15 to 44 years of age, nearly 7 million have used infertility services at some point. Allocation of medical resources that could be used elsewhere The legal status of embryos fertilized in vitro and not transferred in vivo. (See also beginning of pregnancy controversy).

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The enzyme aromatase is responsible for this conversion, and is found primarily in adipose tissue. Ovulation occurs about two weeks before a woman’s next period starts. Povey AC, Clyma JA, McNamee R, et al.; Participating Centres of Chaps-UK.

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Infrequent and light menstruation occurs in about 40% of women with ovulatory dysfunction. Meticulous hemostasis is imperative. [131, 132, 133] Operative laparoscopy was reintroduced into the surgical armamentarium in the 1950s; however, in the 1970s, Semm developed different procedures and operative instruments that currently allow for the outpatient laparoscopic surgical treatment of multiple tuboperitoneal pathologies, [91] electrocautery, endocoagulation, lasers, and ultrasonography scalpels facilitate the performance of operations that otherwise used to require a laparotomy. In most cases, surgery can be performed to either reverse these blockage or to retrieve sperm directly from the epididymis and testicles.

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First-line therapy is the ultrasound-guided transvaginal puncture. The patient should be abstinent for 2-3 days prior to maximize sperm number and quality. A lower concentration may lead to a lower chance for conception without treatment; 3) sperm motility or movement – a normal motility should be at least 50%. Some systems are lightweight constructions (18 kg) and can withstand a force of 20 N in any position and direction. Download Flo App Causes of female infertility  Anything that prevents the above-mentioned steps from happening could be responsible for female infertility. Renal failure and thrombosis can occur if the patient is not treated correctly. [195] Some patients have a greater risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Renal Echinococcus. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1972. Fertilized eggs are then transferred several days later into the woman’s uterus, where implantation and embryo development will hopefully occur as in a normal pregnancy. For women aged 35, about 94% who have regular unprotected sexual intercourse get pregnant after three years of trying. Unexplained infertility in women or men may be managed with another year of unprotected intercourse, or may proceed to assisted reproductive technologies, such as intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization.