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41 Treatment of Unexplained Infertility Jump to section + Couples who have no identified cause of infertility should be counseled on timing of intercourse for the most fertile period (i.e., the six days preceding ovulation). Abundant Gene Conversion Between Arms of Palindromes in Human and Ape Y Chromosomes. (PDF, 340 KB)Nature, 2003. In many instances, patients can ovulate while on metformin treatment. Epididymal Extravasation Following Vasectomy as a Cause for Failure of Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 22 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1979. 8-Mb Deletion in the Azoospermia Factor c Region. (PDF, 332 KB) Genomics, 2004.

If each step has occurred as planned, implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterus can take place within 72 hours of the ICSI process. Although many of these can be treated through surgery or hormonal substitutions, some may be indefinite.[59] Infertility associated with viable, but immotile sperm may be caused by primary ciliary dyskinesia. Results of one study investigating a cohort of 315 men revealed changes within the hinge region of SF-1 and no rare allelic variants in fertile control men. In some couples who have been unable to reproduce, tests fail to find the cause of infertility.

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Patients should undergo an MRI or CT scan of the sella turcica for diagnostic purposes to determine whether a microprolactinoma or a macroprolactinoma is present. IVF and related techniques (ICSI, ZIFT, GIFT) are called assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques. Vasectomy and Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 7 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1978.

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Semen is the milky fluid that a man's penis releases during orgasm. Corticosteroids (usually found in anti-inflammatory drugs) can be used to treat anovulation if it is caused by an overproduction of male hormones by the adrenal glands. Male and female factors can exist in isolation or combination and fertility investigations, diagnoses and treatment should always be considered in the context of the couple.       Male factor Sperm problems will contribute to about 40% of infertility cases. 0.[44] Environmental factors Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides.[45][46] Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.[47] German scientists have reported that a virus called adeno-associated virus might have a role in male infertility,[48] though it is otherwise not harmful.[49] Other diseases such as chlamydia, and gonorrhea can also cause infertility, due to internal scarring (fallopian tube obstruction).[50][51][52] Alimentary habits[53] Obesity: The obesity epidemic has recently become is a serious issue, particularly in industrialized nations. Evaluation of the uterus and fallopian tubes can be performed by hysterosalpingography in women with no risk of obstruction.

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The use of Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: The Genetic Implications for Male Infertility. (PDF, 8 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Only 5-10% of these couples eventually achieve a pregnancy within 5 years. The Treatment of Azoospermia with Surgery and ICSI. (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter 10 from Male Fertility & Infertility, 1998. Apparent Fertility of Human Spermatozoa from the Caput Epididymidis. (PDF, 4 MB) Journal of Andrology, 1989. Government, the Department of Defense, or the Department of the Air Force. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection and Infertility. (PDF, 53 KB) Nature Genetics, 2001. Injuries include abdominal wall hematoma, umbilical hernias, umbilical wound infection, and penetration of blood vessels or small or large bowel.[24] The risk of such injuries is increased in patients who have a low body mass index[25] or have a history of prior abdominal surgery. Patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism must be treated accordingly. [210, 211] Weight reduction should be part of the treatment because it helps the patient's response to ovulation induction. [212] Treatment of Male Factors Asthenospermia associated with varicocele is treated surgically with varicocelectomy or with embolization of the spermatic veins. Medication. If you have ovulation problems, you may be prescribed drugs such as clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene), gonadotropins (such as Gonal-F, Follistim, Humegon and Pregnyl), or letrozole. Linthicum, Md.: American Urological Association, Inc.; 2010. In addition to stimulation by FSH, Sertoli cell function is modulated by intratesticular testosterone and signals from peritubular myoid cells. We partner with third party advertisers, who may use tracking technologies to collect information about your activity on sites and applications across devices, both on our sites and across the Internet. Microsurgical Solutions to Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) Contemporary OB/GYN, 2005.