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Removal of polyps by the minimally invasive procedure hysteroscopy is associated with a doubling of pregnancy rate. National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health. Male and female factors can exist in isolation or combination and fertility investigations, diagnoses and treatment should always be considered in the context of the couple.       Male factor Sperm problems will contribute to about 40% of infertility cases. A Modern Approach to Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) Serono Symposia, Insights Into Infertility Newsletter, 1997. Blood, urine, and imaging tests can be done to discover why you are having trouble getting pregnant. Source : How To Use California’s Department Of Managed Health Care ...

No role for: Post-coital testing for cervical mucous. Endometrial Biopsy. Gas tends to rise, and when a pocket of CO2 rises in the abdomen, it pushes against the diaphragm (the muscle that separates the abdominal from the thoracic cavities and facilitates breathing), and can exert pressure on the phrenic nerve.

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16. Investigation of suspected tubal and uterine abnormalities: 1. Changes in sexual desire A man’s fertility is also linked with his hormone health. In the United Kingdom, it is estimated that one in six couples would complaint of infertility [3]. Because of the intimate relationship between the fallopian tubes and the other pelvic organs and because, in the great majority of the cases, peritoneal pathology involves tubal pathology, the treatments of these factors are discussed together. The length of postoperative stay in the hospital is minimal, and same-day discharges are possible in cases of early morning procedures.

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Some people find that joining a support group helps, as it offers the chance to talk to others in a similar situation. However, if the E2 level is greater than 100 pc/mL and the follicles are 10 mm in diameter, hMG should be continued at the same dose. Products include enzymes and proteases to liquefy the seminal coagulum. This leads to increased androgen secretion from the adrenal gland, causing feedback inhibition of GnRH release from the hypothalamus.

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Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa are also associated with extremely low BMI. Many infertile couples have had some previous assessment for their infertility and this data should be cautiously reviewed. Recovery of Spermatogenesis after Testicle Autotransplantation in an Adult Male. (PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1982. Bensdorp AJ, Cohlen BJ, Heineman MJ, Vandekerckhove P. Women with regular menstrual cycles are likely to be ovulating and should be offered serum progesterone testing at day 21 to confirm ovulation. Drugs, assisted reproductive technology, and surgery are common treatments. Ovarian dysfunction, when a woman’s ovaries are not producing eggs, or egg production has diminished due to hormonal imbalance, age or other factors. Source : Infertility and its Treatments - PPT Presentation Summary : Infertility and Its Treatments. The predictive value of hysterosalpingography for tubal and peritoneal infertility factors. There are also a number of sperm production problems that can contribute to infertility, including: Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles)  Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles) are swollen veins causing your testicles to get hotter and affect the production of sperm  These are treated with surgery  Testicular injury   Serious trauma to the testicles such as becoming twisted (torsion) can affect sperm production  Damage from playing sports or an accident can rupture the vessels that supply blood to the testicles  Previous injuries can’t be treated, but an ART treatment may help you to conceive Undescended testicles  In the uterus, baby boys’ testicles form in their abdomen and descend into their scrotum shortly before birth  Some men’s testicles don’t descend before they are born (cryptorchidism), although in these cases they usually drop in the first six months after birth  If left untreated, undescended testicles can affect fertility Testicular cancer  This happens when a malignant tumour in the testicle destroys testicular tissue  If undetected, testicular cancer can spread to other parts of the body  This is treated either by surgery, medication, radiotherapy or chemotherapy  However, cancer therapy can also damage sperm production  Genetic defects  Sometimes, genetic information on the Y chromosome (which is only present in men) is deleted (micro-deletions),6 which can reduce the production of sperm  Depending on where the micro-deletion is on the chromosome, this may be treated by surgically extracting sperm from part of your reproductive tract  However, some couples may need to consider using a donor sperm to conceive Mumps Contracting mumps (or mumps-related orchitis) after puberty may damage the sperm-producing cells in your testicles,  causing infertility or subfertility7 Usually, only one testicle is affected and if you have one functioning testicle you may not need treatment  However, some couples may need to use a sperm donor in order to conceive Anti-sperm antibodies  Anti-sperm antibodies are large proteins in your blood that are hostile to sperm  They can cause sperm to clump together and prevent them from swimming, or they may mistake sperm cells for an infection and try to destroy them  This can be treated using an ART treatment   Lifestyle   Sperm production can be affected by a range of lifestyle factors, including smoking, drinking, drugs, stress, overweight and unhealthy food Environmental factors can also affect your sperm quality, including overheating of your testicles, some sexual lubricants, the chemicals involved in certain manufacturing, painting or printing jobs   These factors are treated by making lifestyle changes, such as wearing loose clothing to avoid overheating Hormonal problems  Hormonal problems are rarely the cause of male infertility problems  However, some men have a natural deficiency in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), which prevents the testicles from producing testosterone or developing healthy sperm  Hormonal problems can usually be treated with medication Obstruction problems Blocked sperm ducts  Occasionally, male sperm ducts (epididymis and vas deferens) can become blocked, meaning that your semen doesn’t contain any sperm  This can be treated with surgery, or sperm may be surgically extracted from part of your reproductive tract  Vasectomy  Some men have had a previous vasectomy to stop them being able to conceive  This can sometimes be reversed using surgery  The procedure’s success depends on how long ago your vasectomy was performed  Previous infections  Infections can cause scarring or adhesions (organs sticking together) in your sperm ducts  This can usually be treated with surgery  Does age affect male fertility? If there is a history of recurrent miscarriages (2 or more) a lupus anticoagulant (LAC) and anti-cardiolipin antibody (ACL) are often done, as well as other tests. Renal Transplantation Between Adults and Children. (PDF, 1 MB) Journal of the American Medical Association, 1974. 50% are female causes with 25% being due to anovulation and 25% tubal problems/other.[74] In Sweden, approximately 10% of couples wanting children are infertile.[75] In approximately one third of these cases the man is the factor, in one third the woman is the factor, and in the remaining third the infertility is a product of factors on both parts. Causes of infertility and sterility in men The male factor is difficult to evaluate because sperm analyses do not always indicate if there is a problem or not. Myotonic dystrophy This is an autosomal dominant defect in the dystrophin gene that causes a delay in muscle relaxation after contraction.