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Klinefelter's Syndrome Treatment for Infertility

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A doctor injects sperm directly into the egg in a dish and then places it into your uterus. The physician or WHNP may also suggest using a conception cap cervical cap, which the patient uses at home by placing the sperm inside the cap and putting the conception device on the cervix, or intrauterine insemination (IUI), in which the doctor or WHNP introduces sperm into the uterus during ovulation, via a catheter. Endometriosis: Cells that normally occur within the lining of the uterus start growing elsewhere in the body. Hormonal Problems A small percentage of male infertility is caused by hormonal problems.  The hypothalamus-pituitary endocrine system regulates the chain of hormonal events that enables testes to produce and effectively disseminate sperm.  Several things can go wrong with the hypothalamus-pituitary endocrine system: · The brain can fail to release gonadotrophic-releasing hormone (GnRH) properly.  GnRH stimulates   the hormonal pathway that causes testosterone synthesis and sperm production.  A disruption in   GnRH release leads to a lack of testosterone and a cessation in sperm production. · The pituitary can fail to produce enough lutenizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone   (FSH) to stimulate the testes and testosterone/sperm production.  LH and FSH are intermediates   in the hormonal pathway responsible for testosterone and sperm production. · The testes� Leydig cells may not produce testosterone in response to LH stimulation. · A male may produce other hormones and chemical compounds which interfere with the   sex-hormone balance. Some women are infertile because their ovaries do not mature and release eggs.

Ideally, the cause of the infertility is reversible and then conception can result from natural sex. Treatment is with exogenous gonadotropins and iron-chelating therapy. Management of ejaculatory failure: - Can be of great value as in retrograde ejaculation. The physician or WHNP may also suggest using a conception cap cervical cap, which the patient uses at home by placing the sperm inside the cap and putting the conception device on the cervix, or intrauterine insemination (IUI), in which the doctor or WHNP introduces sperm into the uterus during ovulation, via a catheter. Heavy, long, or painful periods Heavy periods may indicate an underlying condition affecting fertility. Unexplained Even after a full fertility work-up, for one in five couples an exact cause of infertility cannot be determined.

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Additionally, the quality of her eggs also decreases increases the chance of chromosomal abnormalities. 8,37 Women in WHO group II, including those who are overweight and who have polycystic ovary syndrome, can benefit from weight loss, exercise, and lifestyle modifications to restore ovulatory cycles and achieve pregnancy. The cervical mucus changes consistency during the ovulatory cycle, being most hospitable and easily penetrated at mid cycle. Ectopic pregnancy This is when a fertilized egg implants outside the womb, usually in a fallopian tube. Varicocele: Surgically removing a varicose vein in the scrotum may help. Most people will have the strong desire to conceive a child at some point during their lifetime.

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Microsurgery and Andrology. (PDF, 5 MB) Chapter from textbook, 1991. Radiation therapy: If this is aimed near the reproductive organs, it can increase the risk of fertility problems.

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2 This encompasses couples with infertility and impaired ability to get pregnant, but it does not capture those who are not married, so actual numbers may be underestimated. There is a consistent association of Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract syndromes. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection[edit] ICSI technique is used in case of poor semen quality, low sperm count or failed fertilization attempts during prior IVF cycles. A history of pelvic infections or sexually transmitted diseases: Sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, can cause inflammation and permanent scarring of the fallopian tubes. When the eggs are mature, your doctor collects them with a device called a vaginal ultrasound probe. Basic Work-up for Infertility Detailed history and physical examination. Semen analysis. Evidence of ovulation. (Day 2-3 gonadotrophins, Day 21 progesterone) Susceptibility to rubella Cervical smear screening Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis Serum prolactin Thyroid function tests 12. Semen analysis: - semen volume: 1. If the epididymis is blocked, sperm may not be ejaculated properly. 40. Luteal phase support: - Should be offer luteal phase support with progesterone till 8 weeks of gestation. - Different form of progesterone with different routes of administration are available, RCT are taking place comparing efficacy of different forms. Generally, success rates lie between 40% and 60% per cycle.


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