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Infertility may be caused by blockage of the Fallopian tube due to malformations, infections such as chlamydia or scar tissue. Outcome of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection with Testicular Spermatozoa in Obstructive and Non-obstructive Azoospermia. (PDF, 426 KB) Human Reproduction, 1996.

Disorders of sexual differentiation result in infertility (eg, hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism). The pregnancy test is then performed 2 weeks after the egg retrieval. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) – This test is essential for evaluating fallopian tubal patency, uterine filling defects such as fibroids and polyps, and scarring of the uterine cavity (Asherman syndrome). Hypothyroidism: Low thyroid hormone levels--can cause poor semen quality, poor testicular function and may disturb libido.  May be caused by a diet high in iodine.  Reducing iodine intake or beginning thyroid hormone replacement therapy can elevate sperm count.  This condition is found in only 1 percent of infertile men. Patients generally have long arms and legs due to a delayed closure of the epiphyseal plates, delayed puberty, and atrophic testis.

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6 Accuracy may be improved by use on midday or evening urine specimens, which correlate better with the peak in serum luteinizing hormone levels. Your doctor will analyze your semen analysis carefully and help you decide if ICSI is an appropriate treatment for you. Fallopian tubes that are patent and will function to permit the sperm and ovum to meet and allow migration of the conceptus to the uterus. Traumatic Renal Hemorrhage Treatment by Arterial Embolization. (PDF, 3 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1973. Immunohistochemical stains are performed if more than 5-10 round cells/HPF are present.  Other tests Semen may be analyzed for levels of zinc, citric acid, acid phosphatase, and alpha-glucosidase.

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For a woman to conceive, certain things have to happen: vaginal intercourse must take place around the time when an egg is released from her ovary; the system that produces eggs has to be working at optimum levels; and her hormones must be balanced.[54] For women, problems with fertilisation arise mainly from either structural problems in the Fallopian tube or uterus or problems releasing eggs. Age, socio-economic, cultural and other environmental factors: Over the last few years, age has become the most common of these causes of infertility. Weight loss in obese infertile women results in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of fertility treatment. Vitrification of oocytes from endangered Mexican gray wolves (Canis lupus baileyi). (PDF, 319 KB) Theriogenology, 2010.

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A history of pelvic infections or sexually transmitted diseases: Sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, can cause inflammation and permanent scarring of the fallopian tubes. FSH has a lower plasma concentration and longer half-life than LH, and it has less obvious pulsatile changes. The final third may be due to a combination of both, other factors, or unknown causes. Anatomic causes of infertility include acquired and congenital problems. Low weight: Obesity is not the only way in which weight can impact fertility. Embryos transfer is performed in the office under abdominal ultrasound guidance using a small, soft, sterile and flexible catheter. 29 When the semen analysis is abnormal, referral to a male fertility specialist or reproductive endocrinologist is warranted. The sediment is suspended in a buffer solution, and the recovered sperm is processed using the sperm-wash technique before it can be used for intrauterine insemination. In this condition, semen ejaculates backwards into the bladder instead of out the penis. Simultaneous Treatment of the Wife in Infertile Couples with Oligospermia. (PDF, 4 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1983.