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Obstructions in the sperm transport plumbing can sometimes be surgically corrected. This test is usually performed in a radiology facility About 25% of all infertility is due to a tubal factor Laparoscopy This is a surgical procedure and should not be performed until the basic testing has been done on both partners. Artificial Insemination In this process, male sperm is introduced into the female genital tract in order to achieve fertilization. Intrauterine insemination 33. Consider unstimulated intrauterine insemination as a treatment option in the following groups as an alternative to vaginal sexual intercourse: - people who are unable to, or would find it very difficult to, have vaginal intercourse - people with conditions that require specific consideration in relation to methods of conception (for example, after sperm washing where the man is HIV positive) - people in same-sex relationships Do not offer IUI for people with unexplained infertility, mild endometriosis or mild male factor. Always take in consideration the ages of the couple. 8 Involvement in group counseling and exercise is more effective than weight loss advice alone. Klinefelter�s Syndrome: Is a genetic condition in which each cell in the human body has an additional X chromosome--men with Klinefelter�s Syndrome have one Y and two X chromosomes.  Physical symptoms include peanut-sized testicles and enlarged breasts.  A chromosome analysis is used to confirm this analysis.  If this condition is treated in its early stages (with the drug hCG), sperm production may commence and/or improve.  However, Klinefelter�s Syndrome eventually causes all active testicular structures to atrophy.  Once testicular failure has occurred, improving fertility is impossible.

The mammary glands are also controlled by the pituitary gland, so lactation can also be affected. Quantitative Evaluation of Spermatogenesis by Testicular Histology in Men with Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens Undergoing Epididymal Sperm Aspiration. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1990. The laboratory evaluation begins with a semen analysis. Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion.

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Weight loss in obese infertile women results in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of fertility treatment. Intrauterine insemination (IUI.)At the time of ovulation, sperm are injected directly up into the uterus. Predominantly anovulation is caused by hormonal imbalances such as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) but ovarian scarring and premature menopause can also result in failure to ovulate. • Tubal disease, comprising anything from mild adhesions to complete blockage of the fallopian tubes, prevents fertilised eggs from travelling from the site of fertilisation to the uterus. GIFT (gamete intrafallopian tube transfer) and ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer).  Like IVF, these procedures involve retrieving an egg, combining it with sperm in a lab, and then transferring it back to your body. The fertilized egg moves down the fallopian tube towards the uterus. Retrograde ejaculation: Sperm can be taken directly from the bladder and injected into an egg in the laboratory.

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An ultrasound scan can detect an ectopic pregnancy. Malformation of the eggs themselves may complicate conception.

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However, future pregnancy is possible with the other ovary and tube. There is still some controversy about their existence, but if the discoveries are true, this could mean a new treatment for infertility.[71] Stem cell therapy is really new, and everything is still under investigation. Conventional In-vitro Fertilization vs Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Patients Requiring Microsurgical Sperm Aspiration. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1994. Those who do have fertility problems are treated according to the following guidelines: [112, 113, 114] Chronic cervical factor of absence of mucus - Intrauterine insemination Cervical incompetence - Cerclage Damage/absence of fallopian tubes (ectopic) - In vitro fertilization Unicornuate uterus A unicornuate uterus remains undetected unless fertility is compromised. Chronic conditions: These include AIDS or cancer. Counseling about options should be offered to couples who are not physically able to conceive (i.e., same-sex couples or persons lacking reproductive organs). Regardless of the treatment approach, establish a 6- to 12-month interval during which a spontaneous pregnancy is expected to occur. Clark AM, Thornley B, Tomlinson L, Galletley C, Norman RJ. Recombination Between Palindromes P5 and P1 on the HUman Y Chromosome Causes Massive Deletions and Spermatogenic Failure. (PDF, 786 KB) The American Journal of Human Genetics, 2002. Chromosomal defects Hereditary disorders, such as Klinefelter’s syndrome (when a male is born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome instead of one X and one Y) impacts the normal development of the male reproductive organs. Metformin (Glucophage) is another type of medication that may help you ovulate normally if you have insulin resistance or PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome). 6 Women with risk factors for tubal obstruction, such as endometriosis, previous pelvic infections, or ectopic pregnancy, should instead be offered hysteroscopy or laparoscopy with dye to assess for other pelvic pathology. Your doctor will carry out a series of tests to diagnose what’s causing your fertility difficulties.  There are many reasons why you may have problems conceiving, including:  Your sperm does not have the concentration, motility or shape required to conceive Existing medical conditions that affect your fertility, such as issues with sperm production or duct obstructions  Your sperm may not be strong or healthy enough to fertilise your partner’s egg  As your partner gets older, her fertility quickly declines3 Depending on the cause, your doctor will recommend a treatment path for you. Advantages[edit] There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an open procedure. About one out of every three cases of infertility is due to the man alone, and we're somehow involved in infertility about half the time.