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Blocked tubes Sperm travel in tubes from the man’s testes to the penis. The laparoscope aids diagnosis or therapeutic interventions with a few small cuts in the abdomen.[1] Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery (MIS), bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique. To ascertain a more precise assessment, a hysteroscopy of the uterus is run.

The sperm must provide the zygote with DNA, centrioles, and activation factor for the embryo to develop. Transmission of Male Infertility to Future Generations: Lessons from the Y Chromosome. (PDF, 303 KB) Human Reproduction Update, 2002. If necessary, they refer patients to a fertility clinic or local hospital for more specialized tests. Postcoital testing and antisperm antibody testing are no longer considered useful in this evaluation. If you’re having trouble conceiving, you are certainly not alone. Tubal occlusion A tubal occlusion means there is a blockage in the fallopian tube.

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The main approach to correcting or removing these uterine abnormalities is by hysteroscopy, a surgical method by which a narrow scope with a camera is placed within the uterine cavity. Additional risk factors may include smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and older age; however, the data are hampered by a lack of pregnancy-related outcomes.

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In fact, the “window of opportunity” for fertilization is thought to last only a few hours, thus requiring sperm availability in the female genital tract at or shortly before ovulation. 22 Treatment of Male Infertility Jump to section + Underlying etiology determines the therapeutic course, although male infertility is unexplained in 40% to 50% of cases. Ovulation disorders can be due to: Premature ovarian failure: The ovaries stop working before the age of 40 years. Reversal of Vasectomy and the Treatment of Male Infertility. (PDF, 4 MB) Urologic Clinics of North America, 1981. A variety of disorders ranging from hormonal disturbances to physical problems, to psychological problems can cause male infertility.  Although many treatment options are now available, in many cases treatment will not work.  In many instances, male infertility is caused by testicular damage resulting in an inability of the testicle to produce sperm.  Once damaged, the testicle will not usually regain its sperm-making capabilities; this aspect of male infertility is analogous to menopause (though not natural like menopause) for women and cannot usually be treated.  Despite medicine�s limited ability to treat male infertility, many successful treatment options are available for its many causes.  Besides testicular damage, the main causes of male infertility are low sperm production and poor sperm quality.   The Causes of Male Infertility Male infertility has many causes--from hormonal imbalances, to physical problems, to psychological and/or behavioral problems.  Moreover, fertility reflects a man�s �overall� health.  Men who live a healthy lifestyle are more likely to produce healthy sperm.  The following list highlights some lifestyle choices that negatively impact male fertility--it is not all-inclusive: · Smoking--significantly decreases both sperm count and sperm cell motility. · Prolonged use of marijuana and other recreational drugs. · Chronic alcohol abuse. · Anabolic steroid use--causes testicular shrinkage and infertility. · Overly intense exercise--produces high levels of adrenal steroid hormones which cause a    testosterone deficiency resulting in infertility. · Inadequate vitamin C and Zinc in the diet. · Tight underwear--increases scrotal temperature which results in decreased sperm production. · Exposure to environmental hazards and toxins such as pesticides, lead, paint, radiation, radioactive   substances, mercury,  benzene, boron, and heavy metals · Malnutrition and anemia. · Excessive stress! Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome The ovaries can swell, leak excess fluid into the body, and produce too many follicles, the small fluid sacs in which an egg develops.

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Fertilization takes place outside the body, and the fertilized egg is reinserted into the woman's reproductive tract, in a procedure called embryo transfer. Although many of these can be treated through surgery or hormonal substitutions, some may be indefinite.[59] Infertility associated with viable, but immotile sperm may be caused by primary ciliary dyskinesia. Endometriosis is usually more common in women in their mid-twenties and older, especially when postponed childbirth has taken place.[55] Another major cause of infertility in women may be the inability to ovulate. Problems with sperm If a man makes too few sperm or none at all, the woman cannot become pregnant. Surgery for epididymal blockage: A blocked epididymis can be surgically repaired. The treating doctor may feel inadequacy and the trust between the doctor and patient breaks down [43]. The views expressed in this material are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U. Sperm motility Motility is described as the percent of sperm present with flagellar motion viewed on a bright-field or phase-contrast microscope. Other hormones including inhibin B and leptin, may also be affected by obesity. Epididymal Surgery. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter 8 from textbook, Infertility, 1992. Do you have pain with menstrual periods or intercourse?


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See also
Unexplained Infertility Tests
British Infertility Counselling Association Bica
What Causes Female Infertility Problems