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24 Other tests of ovarian reserve, such as the clomiphene (Clomid) challenge test, antral follicle count, and antimüllerian hormone level, are also generally performed to predict response to ovarian stimulation with exogenous gonadotropins and assisted reproductive technology. Hypothyroidism: Low thyroid hormone levels--can cause poor semen quality, poor testicular function and may disturb libido.  May be caused by a diet high in iodine.  Reducing iodine intake or beginning thyroid hormone replacement therapy can elevate sperm count.  This condition is found in only 1 percent of infertile men. In ZIFT, your doctor places the fertilized eggs -- at this stage called zygotes -- into your fallopian tubes within 24 hours. Blockage of the ejaculatory duct: Sperm can be extracted directly from the testicles and injected into an egg in the laboratory. Defects of tubules that transport sperm There are many different tubes that carry sperm.

Also attached is a fiber optic cable system connected to a "cold" light source (halogen or xenon), to illuminate the operative field, which is inserted through a 5 mm or 10 mm cannula or trocar. IVF involves removal of eggs directly from the ovary, fertilization with sperm in the laboratory, followed by transfer of the embryos directly into the uterus, thereby bypassing the tubes. In most cases however, sperm function may not improve and therefore any attempts at pregnancy may require additional treatments or procedures performed by our clinic. As new technology becomes available, fertility treatment is now accessible to more people, and success rates and safety are improving all the time.

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Afterward, the mucus specimen is phase-microscopically examined. There are also a number of sperm production problems that can contribute to infertility, including: Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles)  Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles) are swollen veins causing your testicles to get hotter and affect the production of sperm  These are treated with surgery  Testicular injury   Serious trauma to the testicles such as becoming twisted (torsion) can affect sperm production  Damage from playing sports or an accident can rupture the vessels that supply blood to the testicles  Previous injuries can’t be treated, but an ART treatment may help you to conceive Undescended testicles  In the uterus, baby boys’ testicles form in their abdomen and descend into their scrotum shortly before birth  Some men’s testicles don’t descend before they are born (cryptorchidism), although in these cases they usually drop in the first six months after birth  If left untreated, undescended testicles can affect fertility Testicular cancer  This happens when a malignant tumour in the testicle destroys testicular tissue  If undetected, testicular cancer can spread to other parts of the body  This is treated either by surgery, medication, radiotherapy or chemotherapy  However, cancer therapy can also damage sperm production  Genetic defects  Sometimes, genetic information on the Y chromosome (which is only present in men) is deleted (micro-deletions),6 which can reduce the production of sperm  Depending on where the micro-deletion is on the chromosome, this may be treated by surgically extracting sperm from part of your reproductive tract  However, some couples may need to consider using a donor sperm to conceive Mumps Contracting mumps (or mumps-related orchitis) after puberty may damage the sperm-producing cells in your testicles,  causing infertility or subfertility7 Usually, only one testicle is affected and if you have one functioning testicle you may not need treatment  However, some couples may need to use a sperm donor in order to conceive Anti-sperm antibodies  Anti-sperm antibodies are large proteins in your blood that are hostile to sperm  They can cause sperm to clump together and prevent them from swimming, or they may mistake sperm cells for an infection and try to destroy them  This can be treated using an ART treatment   Lifestyle   Sperm production can be affected by a range of lifestyle factors, including smoking, drinking, drugs, stress, overweight and unhealthy food Environmental factors can also affect your sperm quality, including overheating of your testicles, some sexual lubricants, the chemicals involved in certain manufacturing, painting or printing jobs   These factors are treated by making lifestyle changes, such as wearing loose clothing to avoid overheating Hormonal problems  Hormonal problems are rarely the cause of male infertility problems  However, some men have a natural deficiency in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), which prevents the testicles from producing testosterone or developing healthy sperm  Hormonal problems can usually be treated with medication Obstruction problems Blocked sperm ducts  Occasionally, male sperm ducts (epididymis and vas deferens) can become blocked, meaning that your semen doesn’t contain any sperm  This can be treated with surgery, or sperm may be surgically extracted from part of your reproductive tract  Vasectomy  Some men have had a previous vasectomy to stop them being able to conceive  This can sometimes be reversed using surgery  The procedure’s success depends on how long ago your vasectomy was performed  Previous infections  Infections can cause scarring or adhesions (organs sticking together) in your sperm ducts  This can usually be treated with surgery  Does age affect male fertility?

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Normal Intrauterine Pregnancy After Reversal of Tubal Sterilization in the Wife and Vasectomy in the Husband.(PDF, 1 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1978. Primary vs. secondary infertility[edit] Primary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months, during which they have not used any contraceptives.[14] The World Health Organisation also adds that 'women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility'.[15] Secondary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months since their last live birth, during which they did not use any contraceptives.[15] Thus the distinguishing feature is whether or not the couple have ever had a pregnancy which led to a live birth. Two hormones signal to the testes to make sperm and testosterone: luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. It is in fact possible to restore ovulation using appropriate medication, and ovulation is successfully restored in approximately 90% of cases. That is why a complete build-up of the endometrial mucosa is not possible anymore. The production of anti-sperm antibodies by the woman’s immune system can interfere with fertilization.

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If you’ve been diagnosed with infertility, or fear you may have trouble conceiving in the future, you’re not alone. Judaism and Reproductive Technology. (PDF, 2 MB) 2010. With the fast progression in reproductive medicine and the experiences gained through infertility management, a wider range of treatment options have become available to infertile couples [17-19,21-26,31,36], (Appendix 4). It makes the pituitary gland release more follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Septate uterus The hypothesis that a uterine septum can cause infertility is controversial. Twelve months is the lower reference limit for Time to Pregnancy (TTP) by the World Health Organization.[7] a woman over 35 has not conceived after six months of contraceptive-free sexual intercourse. Happily, many couples treated for infertility go on to have babies. 0 (A) The zona pellucida was drilled using piezo pulses, and the pipette was inserted deep into the oocyte and a single piezo pulse was applied. Some personal habits are considered risk factors for infertility, such as excess alcohol intake [11] and cigarette smoking [12]. The doctor or WHNP may also be able to suggest lifestyle changes to increase the chances of conceiving.[65] Women over the age of 35 should see their physician or WHNP after six months as fertility tests can take some time to complete, and age may affect the treatment options that are open in that case. Intrauterine insemination (IUI): At the time of ovulation, a fine catheter is inserted through the cervix into the uterus to place a sperm sample directly into the uterus. About a third of the time, infertility can be traced to the woman. For a woman to be fertile, the ovaries must release healthy eggs regularly. Tests such as semen analysis, hormone testing, transrectal and scrotal ultrasound may also be performed.


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See also
Infertility Mayo Clinic
Infertility Injection Medication
Journey of Infertility