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Those who do have fertility problems are treated according to the following guidelines: [112, 113, 114] Chronic cervical factor of absence of mucus - Intrauterine insemination Cervical incompetence - Cerclage Damage/absence of fallopian tubes (ectopic) - In vitro fertilization Unicornuate uterus A unicornuate uterus remains undetected unless fertility is compromised. Other symptoms of endometriosis include: chronic pelvic pain (not only during menstruation) pain during sex back pain fatigue nausea irregular periods and spotting bowel problems or pain with bowel movements Dark or pale menstrual blood If menstrual blood is regularly paler than usual, this may be a cause for concern. The use of CC is contraindicated in cases of ovarian cyst, pregnancy, and liver disease. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) The syndrome occurs due to treatment with medicamentous ovulation inductors. Eating disorders: If an eating disorder leads to serious weight loss, fertility problems may arise. Tubal microsurgery and laparoscopic tubal surgery: - May be more effective than no treatment. - No strong evidence. (e.g.: fimbrial end dilatation) 2.

Additionally, surgery, radiation or chemotherapy to treat tumors can affect male fertility. Unhealthy living and poor eating habits, as well as exposure to toxic substances such as alcohol, tobacco and other contaminants, also have a negative impact on fertility.

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WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY INFERTILITY? In recent years, electronic tools have been developed to aid surgeons. Submucosal fibroids are the type if fibroid that has clearly been demonstrated to reduce pregnancy rate, roughly by 50%, and removal of which will double pregnancy rate. An ultrasonography unit and an endocrine laboratory capable of performing daily determinations of E2, FSH, and LH are necessary. [186, 187, 188, 189] Multiple adverse effects and complications may occur during the use of the gonadotropins, including (1) multiple pregnancy (24-33%), (2) ectopic pregnancy (5-8%), (3) miscarriages (15-21%), (4) ovarian torsion and rupture, and (5) ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, which is the most severe. [190, 191] Whittemore et al, using a large combined data set derived from case-controlled studies in the United States, showed that the increase of ovarian cancer associated with infertility might be due to the use of fertility drugs. [192] Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is an iatrogenic condition that occurs in patients undergoing ovulation induction with hMG or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for assisted reproductive technologies.

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The more fetuses there are, the higher the risk of premature labor. In another 30% of all cases, the cause is in the male partner. The reduced release of gonadotropin is often triggered by stress, physical strain such as high-performance sports, and anorexia nervosa. This number has been rising continuously over the last few years.

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In this treatment, millions of healthy sperm are injected into the woman’s uterus at the time of ovulation.  IVF: The most effective assisted reproductive treatment is in vitro fertilization or IVF. Many countries have special frameworks for dealing with the ethical and social issues around fertility treatment. For women, being underweight and having extremely low amounts of body fat are associated with ovarian dysfunction and infertility and they have a higher risk for preterm birth. It has been suggested that infertility be classified as a form of disability.[22] Causes[edit] Immune infertility[edit] Antisperm antibodies (ASA) have been considered as infertility cause in around 10–30% of infertile couples.[23] In both men and women, ASA production are directed against surface antigens on sperm, which can interfere with sperm motility and transport through the female reproductive tract, inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired growth and development of the embryo. Treatment options available for any particular infertile couple will depend also on the duration of their infertility, which partner is affected, the age of the female partner and if any has a previous children or not, the underlying pathological cause, and if the treatment will be covered by the National Health System (NHS) or funded by their own. Although relatively uncommon, eating disorders can negatively affect menstruation, fertility, and maternal and fetal well-being. Therefore we recommend a fertility evaluation if a couple has been attempting pregnancy for 6 months or more when the woman is 35 years of age or older. Environmental vs Genetic Sex Determination: A Possible Factor in Dinosaur Extinction? (PDF, 307 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2004. If the sperm are of good quality and the mechanics of the woman's reproductive structures are good (patent fallopian tubes, no adhesions or scarring), a course of ovulation induction maybe used.