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It has been suggested that infertility be classified as a form of disability.[22] Causes[edit] Immune infertility[edit] Antisperm antibodies (ASA) have been considered as infertility cause in around 10–30% of infertile couples.[23] In both men and women, ASA production are directed against surface antigens on sperm, which can interfere with sperm motility and transport through the female reproductive tract, inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired growth and development of the embryo. 8,45 Figure 1 provides an algorithmic approach to the evaluation of infertility.   Enlarge      Print Infertility Evaluation Figure 1. Obesity may also lead to less frequent ovulation or to less frequent intercourse, thereby contributing to fertility problems. This may be used if IVF has not been effective, if there has been poor embryo growth rate, and if the woman is older. 3) Insemination: Intrauterine insemination, also known as IUI, is a process by which sperm is washed and prepared for placement into the uterine cavity, therefore bypassing the cervix and bringing a higher concentration of motile sperm closer to the tubes and ovulated egg. The pituitary gland produces these hormones, so any problems with this gland may also influence infertility.

What Forms of Male Infertility are there left to Cure? (PDF, 2 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Infertility caused by DNA defects on the Y chromosome is passed on from father to son. The volume provides clear guidelines and a logical sequence of steps which will quickly lead the clinician or physician to an accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause of infertility. Acquired causes include tumor, infarction, radiation, infection, or granulomatous disease.

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Treatment of the cause: 23. Ovulation disorders: The WHO classifies ovulation disorders into 3 groups: 1. This improves the chances that the embryo will implant at, or attach to, the wall of the uterus. Vasoepididymostomy to the Head of the Epididymis: Recovery of Normal Spermatozoal Motility. (PDF, 3 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1980. In some cases, simply removing the submucosal fibroid solves infertility. Abnormalities may be a sign of a primary hypothalamic, pituitary, or testicular problem.Causes Causes generally can be divided into pretesticular, testicular, and post-testicular. These injections are taken nightly, typically for 5 – 10 days, and act directly on the cells of the ovary to stimulate egg development.

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Successful Autotransplantation of an Intra-abdominal Testis to the Scrotum by Microvascular Technique. (PDF, 11 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1976. These medicines are listed below: sulfasalazine – an anti-inflammatory medicine used to treat conditions such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis; sulfasalazine can decrease the number of sperm, but its effects are temporary and your sperm count should return to normal when you stop taking it anabolic steroids – are often used illegally to build muscle and improve athletic performance; long-term abuse of anabolic steroids can reduce sperm count and sperm mobility chemotherapy – medicines used in chemotherapy can sometimes severely reduce sperm production herbal remedies – some herbal remedies, such as root extracts of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, can affect the production of sperm or reduce the size of your testicles Illegal drugs, such as marijuana and cocaine, can also affect semen quality.

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Theoretically, with this therapy, we can get artificial gamets in vitro. Tubal microsurgery and laparoscopic tubal surgery: - May be more effective than no treatment. - No strong evidence. (e.g.: fimbrial end dilatation) 2. First-line therapy is the ultrasound-guided transvaginal puncture. Once again this may increase case lengths but costs are greatly reduced (ideal for developing countries) and widespread accidents of loose clips are eliminated.[citation needed] Gynecological diagnosis[edit] In gynecology, diagnostic laparoscopy may be used to inspect the outside of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, as, for example, in the diagnosis of female infertility. Testicular Neoplasm in Father and Son. (PDF, 561 KB) The Journal of Urology, 1972. It is very important that these injuries be recognized as early as possible.[26] Some patients have sustained electrical burns unseen by surgeons who are working with electrodes that leak current into surrounding tissue. In some cases, simply removing the polyp solves infertility. However, if the E2 level is greater than 100 pc/mL and the follicles are 10 mm in diameter, hMG should be continued at the same dose. Excess alcohol consumption: This may lower male fertility. Infertility may be caused by blockage of the Fallopian tube due to malformations, infections such as chlamydia or scar tissue. Counseling about options should be offered to couples who are not physically able to conceive (i.e., same-sex couples or persons lacking reproductive organs). The average pregnancy rate achieved after a natural-cycle intrauterine insemination is 8%. In vitro fertilization (IVF). In this technique, your doctor places into your uterus that were fertilized in a dish.