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One-third of couples will discover fertility problems in both partners or will have their infertility remain unexplained. Etiology of Sterility Causes of sterility can be manifold and diverse. If the egg does not travel, it can be harder to conceive naturally. This procedure is performed in the outpatient setting. Testosterone is a key hormone for male fertility, so problems with the testes that produce this hormone may lead to infertility.

However, these tests have only poor to moderate predictive value despite widespread use. Apparently there are only 0,014% of them (this could be an explanation of why they were not discovered until now). Furthermore, as aging occurs, egg quality, or the likelihood of an egg being genetically normal, decreases. Sex any other time, even the next day after ovulation, will not result in conception. “We generally advise couples to seek fertility evaluations if they are unable to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse,” says Lawrence Ross, MD, president of the American Urological Association. Electric or vibratory stimulation to achieve ejaculation: Ejaculation is achieved with electric or vibratory stimulation.

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Infertility Tests History and physical examination – First and foremost, your fertility physician will take a very thorough medical and fertility history. And about 15% of infertile men have normal semen and plenty of normal sperm. Risk factors for both men and women are the same and these include age, stress, being underweight or overweight, diet, smoking, alcohol and drugs. Small calculi may block the ejaculatory ducts, or prostatic cysts may extrinsically block the ducts. These and many other questions will help your physician design a specific evaluation and potential treatment for you.

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In men who have the necessary reproductive organs to procreate, infertility can be caused by low sperm count due to endocrine problems, drugs, radiation, or infection. Some medications increase the risk of fertility problems in men. 6-Mb Deletion of the Human Y Chromosome Persists Through Balance Between Recurrent Mutation and Haploid Selection. (PDF, 295 KB) Nature Genetics, 2003.

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Additional information regarding infertility is available at . Other hormones including inhibin B and leptin, may also be affected by obesity. Diagnosis and Management of Hypogonadism, Infertility, and Impotence. (PDF, 13 MB) Chapter 22 of textbook,Male Reproductive Dysfunction, 1986. Some causes, such as hyperprolactinemia, are reversible with proper treatment. Results of Microsurgical Vasoepididymostomy: Role of Epididymis in Sperm Maturation. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1989. Clinical Characterization of 42 Oligospermic or Azoospermic Men with Microdeletion of the AZFc Region of the Y Chromosome, and of 18 Children Conceived via ICSI. (PDF, 606 KB) Human Reproduction, 2002. Effect of metformin on ovulation and reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Normal motility is defined as more than 60% of sperm having normal movement, and the WHO 2010 lower reference limit (5th percentile) is 40%. In another third of cases, it is because of the man. A Modern Approach to Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) Serono Symposia, Insights Into Infertility Newsletter, 1997.