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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection[edit] ICSI technique is used in case of poor semen quality, low sperm count or failed fertilization attempts during prior IVF cycles. There are also a number of sperm production problems that can contribute to infertility, including: Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles)  Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles) are swollen veins causing your testicles to get hotter and affect the production of sperm  These are treated with surgery  Testicular injury   Serious trauma to the testicles such as becoming twisted (torsion) can affect sperm production  Damage from playing sports or an accident can rupture the vessels that supply blood to the testicles  Previous injuries can’t be treated, but an ART treatment may help you to conceive Undescended testicles  In the uterus, baby boys’ testicles form in their abdomen and descend into their scrotum shortly before birth  Some men’s testicles don’t descend before they are born (cryptorchidism), although in these cases they usually drop in the first six months after birth  If left untreated, undescended testicles can affect fertility Testicular cancer  This happens when a malignant tumour in the testicle destroys testicular tissue  If undetected, testicular cancer can spread to other parts of the body  This is treated either by surgery, medication, radiotherapy or chemotherapy  However, cancer therapy can also damage sperm production  Genetic defects  Sometimes, genetic information on the Y chromosome (which is only present in men) is deleted (micro-deletions),6 which can reduce the production of sperm  Depending on where the micro-deletion is on the chromosome, this may be treated by surgically extracting sperm from part of your reproductive tract  However, some couples may need to consider using a donor sperm to conceive Mumps Contracting mumps (or mumps-related orchitis) after puberty may damage the sperm-producing cells in your testicles,  causing infertility or subfertility7 Usually, only one testicle is affected and if you have one functioning testicle you may not need treatment  However, some couples may need to use a sperm donor in order to conceive Anti-sperm antibodies  Anti-sperm antibodies are large proteins in your blood that are hostile to sperm  They can cause sperm to clump together and prevent them from swimming, or they may mistake sperm cells for an infection and try to destroy them  This can be treated using an ART treatment   Lifestyle   Sperm production can be affected by a range of lifestyle factors, including smoking, drinking, drugs, stress, overweight and unhealthy food Environmental factors can also affect your sperm quality, including overheating of your testicles, some sexual lubricants, the chemicals involved in certain manufacturing, painting or printing jobs   These factors are treated by making lifestyle changes, such as wearing loose clothing to avoid overheating Hormonal problems  Hormonal problems are rarely the cause of male infertility problems  However, some men have a natural deficiency in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), which prevents the testicles from producing testosterone or developing healthy sperm  Hormonal problems can usually be treated with medication Obstruction problems Blocked sperm ducts  Occasionally, male sperm ducts (epididymis and vas deferens) can become blocked, meaning that your semen doesn’t contain any sperm  This can be treated with surgery, or sperm may be surgically extracted from part of your reproductive tract  Vasectomy  Some men have had a previous vasectomy to stop them being able to conceive  This can sometimes be reversed using surgery  The procedure’s success depends on how long ago your vasectomy was performed  Previous infections  Infections can cause scarring or adhesions (organs sticking together) in your sperm ducts  This can usually be treated with surgery  Does age affect male fertility? Unexplained infertility[edit] In the US, up to 20% of infertile couples have unexplained infertility.[61] In these cases abnormalities are likely to be present but not detected by current methods. However, the optimal dosage and length of administration is under investigation. [170, 171] Aromatase inhibitors are generally well tolerated. Wie bei Oath zeigen Ihnen unsere Partner eventuell auch Werbung, von der sie annehmen, dass sie Ihren Interessen entspricht. The impact of small or single polyps is more controversial.

Tubal microsurgery and laparoscopic tubal surgery: - May be more effective than no treatment. - No strong evidence. (e.g.: fimbrial end dilatation) 2. Not PPT Presentation Summary : Infertility Statistics.

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Females[edit] The following causes of infertility may only be found in females. Reduced secretion of cervical mucus due to destruction of the endocervical glands by previous cervical conization, freezing, or laser vaporization responds poorly to low-dose estrogen therapy.

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Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. However, some have suggested that patients should avoid conception for 6 months to 2 years after completion of radiation therapy because of the possibility of chromosomal aberrations in their sperm caused by the mutagenic properties of radiation therapy. Unexplained infertility is not the same thing as having no explanation, but rather reflects the fact that the tests performed have been normal. Many infertile couples have had some previous assessment for their infertility and this data should be cautiously reviewed. Most surgical treatment for endometriosis is currently performed through operative laparoscopy. [145, 146, 147] Laparotomy has been relegated to the treatment of severe disease or if a need for hysterectomy arises. [145] Medical treatment Medical treatment is directed toward suppressing estrogen production by the ovary. The most common technique of artificial insemination in human beings is intrauterine insemination.

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PID can damage and scar the fallopian tubes, making it virtually impossible for an egg to travel down into the womb. If the cilial epithelium has been destroyed, the outcome of the procedure is poor, and it is better to perform a salpingectomy in preparation for future IVF. Breeding with a proven fertile male must occur at the optimal time for the female. The eggs may never be released or they may only be released in some cycles. In GIFT, the sperm and eggs are mixed together before a doctor inserts them. Uterine synechiae development is a potential complication after the surgery; therefore, a postoperative HSG should be part of follow-up care. This test is usually performed in a radiology facility About 25% of all infertility is due to a tubal factor Laparoscopy This is a surgical procedure and should not be performed until the basic testing has been done on both partners. Treatment Treatment will depend on many factors, including the age of the person who wishes to conceive, how long the infertility has lasted, personal preferences, and their general state of health. Laparoscopy for Cryptorchidism. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1980. Syndromes such as Klinefelter’s syndrome, cystic fibrosis, Kallmann’s syndrome, and Kartagener’s syndrome. Treatment of the cause: Male Factor: (Liaise with the andrologist) 1.