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Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for poor semen quality: a case-referent study. Homologous insemination refers to the use of sperm from the patient's partner. Infertility may be caused by blockage of the Fallopian tube due to malformations, infections such as chlamydia or scar tissue.

Most couples (about 84%) who have regular sexual intercourse (that is, every two to three days) and who do not use contraception get pregnant within a year. 8 Patients should be counseled that 50% of couples who have not conceived in the first year of trying will conceive in the second year. Signs of Potential Infertility in Men Infertility symptoms in men can be vague.

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This should be followed by documentation of ovulation via serum progesterone. GIFT (gamete intrafallopian tube transfer) and ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer).  Like IVF, these procedures involve retrieving an egg, combining it with sperm in a lab, and then transferring it back to your body. Opinion: Microsurgical TESE and the Distribution of Spermatogenesis in Non-obstructive Azoospermia. (PDF, 5 MB)Human Reproduction, 2000. Summary Infertility is a significant medical and social problem affecting couple worldwide. It is a sensitive issue that should be handled with great care with continuous professional counselling. Most young couples will conceive naturally within 2 years. Evaluation of both partners for causes is essential. Treatment depends on the cause, and varies from medical treatment to surgery to ART. 4) In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): In vitro means “outside the body.” IVF is a process whereby eggs are collected and then fertilized by sperm outside the body, in an embryology laboratory.

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If conservative medical treatments fail to achieve a full term pregnancy, the physician or WHNP may suggest the patient undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF). If the woman is aged over 35 years, the couple may wish to see a doctor earlier, because fertility testing can take time, and female fertility starts to drop when a woman is in her 30s. About 85% of couples will have had a pregnancy by that point. “If they are over 30, they should seek evaluation after six months.” Continued Common causes of male infertility The “male factor” contributes to infertility around half the time, and about one third of the time, it's the main cause of infertility.

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The Male-specific Region of the Human Y Chromsome is a Mosaic of Discrete Sequence Classes. (PDF, 754 KB) Nature, 2003. Diagnosis and Management of Hypogonadism, Infertility, and Impotence. (PDF, 13 MB) Chapter 22 of textbook,Male Reproductive Dysfunction, 1986. Artificial Insemination In this process, male sperm is introduced into the female genital tract in order to achieve fertilization. The facilities available and the skills of personnel are the major determining factors for the success rate. ARTICLES FROM THE 2010s Ovarian Function 6 Years after Cryopreservation and Transplantation of Whole Sheep Ovaries. (PDF, 496 KB)Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2010. The relation between daily activities and scrotal temperature. Generally, evaluation should be offered to couples who have not conceived after one year of unprotected vaginal intercourse. 2/7/15 our son was born all thanks to the assistance of Dr. High environmental temperature and excessive conditioning resulting in increased body temperature can induce either temporary or permanent azoospermia. Microcirugía y fertilición in vitro para la azoospermia obstructiva. (PDF, 5 MB) Chapter 14 from textbook, Avances en reproducción asistida, 1992. Other risk factors for infertility Other risk factors may also contribute to infertility in both men and women. ICSI with Epididymal and Testicular Sperm in Azoospermic Men. (PDF, 2 MB) From Treatment of Infertility: The New Frontiers, 1998.