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Factors Affecting Fertility: Timing of Intercourse Intercourse prior to ovulation is key to maximizing the chance of pregnancy. It does not affect the couples' life only, but it also affects the healthcare services and social environment [4]. A variety of hormonal imbalances can affect a man's fertility. A postcoital test to determine if sperm are able to move through the cervical mucus is still performed by some clinicians. IUI is more commonly done when the man has a low sperm count, decreased sperm motility, or when infertility does not have an identifiable cause. A cumulative pregnancy rate of 80% is achieved during the first 6 cycles of therapeutic insemination.

In some cases, the cause of infertility or subfertility could not be suspected from the history taking and clinical examination. Infertility: Female and Male Factors It is very important to note that infertility can occur as a result of one or more male or female factors. Cystic fibrosis: This is a chronic disease that results in the creation of a sticky mucus. The predictable pregnancy rate for this group is about 5% after timed intercourse, 10% after superovulation with intrauterine insemination (IUI), and 15% to 25% after assisted reproduction techniques (ART) [41]. The anamnesis includes sexual behavior concerning ovulation here.

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Find out more about fertility tests and how problems are diagnosed.Gonadal and sexual functions are mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, a closed-loop system with feedback control from the testicles. A decreased testosterone level with an increased FSH level points to primary hypogonadism. Twelve months is the lower reference limit for Time to Pregnancy (TTP) by the World Health Organization.[7] a woman over 35 has not conceived after six months of contraceptive-free sexual intercourse. ICSI with Epididymal and Testicular Sperm Retrieval. (PDF, 1 MB) Male Sterility and Motility Disorders: Etiological Factors and Treatment, 1998.

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IVF/ICSI is a process by which the oocyte is fertilized by a sperm outside the body: in vitro, and then a gamete retransferred intrauterine. If an endocrinopathy, such as hyperprolactinemia, is diagnosed, the underlying cause should be treated. When one year of sexual relationships without birth control measures has not lead to a pregnancy. These include advancing maternal age, severe male factor infertility (whereby ICSI can be used to fertilize the egg), and endometriosis, amongst many others. If too many embryos develop, one or more can be removed. The embryo is then placed in the uterus to begin a pregnancy.

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In patients with obstructive azoospermia and normal gonadotropin levels, sperm can be obtained through microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration or testicular biopsy. [213] Fertilization of the oocytes is performed using IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The couples are not always consciously aware that they really are not interested in having children, but their sexual behavior reflects this attitude, e.g., in having sexual intercourse only after ovulation. Prolonged estrus may be caused by ovarian cysts that produce estrogen, functional ovarian tumors, or exogenous estrogens (including human transdermal hormone replacement therapy). Debate: Are Spermatid Injections of any Clinical Value? (PDF, 6 MB) Human Reproduction, 1998. The ovum has a much shorter life expectancy – less than 1 day if it is not fertilized. Cabergoline is associated with fewer side effects but is more expensive. Abnormal semen may not be able to carry the sperm effectively.