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Unfortunately, tubal cauterization destroys a large amount of tissue, so the amount of fallopian tube remaining is often not long enough to facilitate a successful reanastomosis. Infertility: Female and Male Factors It is very important to note that infertility can occur as a result of one or more male or female factors. High-cost treatments are out of financial reach for some couples. 0 It is the most common complication of assisted reproduction.

Histologic endometrial dating is not considered reliable nor is it predictive of fertility. Whether it should be corrected in cases of primary infertility is controversial. 3,4  Infertility may arise from male factors, female factors, or a combination of these (Table 15–8). 8 Couples with unexplained infertility may want to consider another year of intercourse before moving to more costly and invasive therapies, such as assisted reproductive technology. Blood, urine, and imaging tests can be done to discover why you are having trouble getting pregnant.

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Medicines and drugs  The side effects of some types of medicines and drugs can affect your fertility. During the first two years after menarche 50% of the menstrual cycles could be anovulatories. Summary Infertility is a significant medical and social problem affecting couple worldwide. It is a sensitive issue that should be handled with great care with continuous professional counselling. Most young couples will conceive naturally within 2 years. Evaluation of both partners for causes is essential. Treatment depends on the cause, and varies from medical treatment to surgery to ART. Etiologies include cysts (midline and eccentric), ductal calcification and stones, postinfectious, and postoperative. Lack of ovulation Patients with anovulation who did not ovulate after several cycles of CC at different doses of treatment are deemed clomiphene resistant. Etiology of Sterility Causes of sterility can be manifold and diverse.

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Vasoepididymostomy to the Head of the Epididymis: Recovery of Normal Spermatozoal Motility. (PDF, 3 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1980. Frequency of intercourse The couple may be advised to have sexual intercourse more often around the time of ovulation. Epididymal Surgery. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter 8 from textbook, Infertility, 1992.

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Signs of Potential Infertility in Women In women, changes in the menstrual cycle and ovulation may be a symptom of a disease related to infertility. In current practice, an alternative for patients with more than 5 sizable follicles is to convert the treatment to IVF. 6 Women with risk factors for tubal obstruction, such as endometriosis, previous pelvic infections, or ectopic pregnancy, should instead be offered hysteroscopy or laparoscopy with dye to assess for other pelvic pathology. It plays a central role in the multiple imbalances and dysfunctions of polycystic ovary syndrome. Earn up to 6 CME credits per issue.     To see the full article, log in or purchase access. Although 60% of patients have evidence of antisperm antibodies after vasectomy, the clinical significance has not been completely elucidated. The following problems are possible: Low sperm count: The man ejaculates a low number of sperm. Treatment of Tubal and Peritoneal Factors The treatment of tubal-factor infertility underwent major changes, especially during the last quarter of the century when microsurgery became available. [126, 127] Tubal reconstruction was the only hope for those patients before assisted reproductive therapy became available. American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Egg donation. This can help you if you have ovaries that don't work right but you have a normal uterus. The Use of Epididymal Sperm in Assisted Reproduction. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter from textbook, Frontiers in Endocrinology: Perspectives on Assisted Reproduction, 1994. An estimated 34 million women, predominantly from developing countries, have infertility which resulted from maternal sepsis and unsafe abortion (long term maternal morbidity resulting in a disability). Semen quality Semen is initially a coagulum that liquefies in 5-25 minutes due to prostatic enzymes. ICSI can be performed when sperm counts are extremely low or abnormal.