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One type of ovulation problem, polycystic ovarian syndrome, is effectively treated with medications. The hypophysis is blocked and insensitive to the body’s own GnRH. The vas deferens carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and the urethra. During the first two years after menarche 50% of the menstrual cycles could be anovulatories. Pregnancy with Sperm Aspiration from the Proximal Head of the Epididymis: A New Treatment for Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens. (PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1988. Endometrial biopsy should be performed only in women with suspected pathology (chronic endometritis or neoplasia).

Hystersalpingography (HSG): Further investigations 17. Investigation of suspected tubal and uterine abnormalities: 2. In addition, her reproductive tract must allow the eggs and sperm to pass into her fallopian tubes to become fertilized and implanted in the uterus. Epididymal Surgery. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter 8 from textbook, Infertility, 1992. 0.[44] Environmental factors Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides.[45][46] Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.[47] German scientists have reported that a virus called adeno-associated virus might have a role in male infertility,[48] though it is otherwise not harmful.[49] Other diseases such as chlamydia, and gonorrhea can also cause infertility, due to internal scarring (fallopian tube obstruction).[50][51][52] Alimentary habits[53] Obesity: The obesity epidemic has recently become is a serious issue, particularly in industrialized nations. Medication. If you have ovulation problems, you may be prescribed drugs such as clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene), gonadotropins (such as Gonal-F, Follistim, Humegon and Pregnyl), or letrozole.

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The following problems are possible: Low sperm count: The man ejaculates a low number of sperm. Between 45 and 50 percent of cases are thought to stem from factors that affect the man. Antibodies that are bound to sperm decrease the sperm’s ability to penetrate the cervical mucus and bind to the zona pellucida. The Effect of Female Age and Ovarian Reserve on Pregnancy Rate in Male Infertility: Treatment of Azoospermia with Sperm Retrieval and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 66 KB) Human Reproduction, 1997. Techniques for the Resolution of Testicular Obstruction. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter 78 from textbook, Reconstructive Urology, 1992.

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After a woman ovulates, her body temperature rises by as much as 0. At the same time, the number of pregnancy losses and malformations in the foetus increase. Instruments can be introduced through the hysteroscope, allowing the surgeon to remove or correct any anatomic abnormalities. Sperm Retrieval for Azoospermia and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Success Rates – A Personal Overview.(PDF, 1 MB) Human Fertility, 2010.

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These tests are used to determine gland failure or obstruction. Women trying to conceive often have depression rates similar to women who have heart disease or cancer.[18] Emotional stress and marital difficulties are greater in couples where the infertility lies with the man.[19] Older people with adult children appear to live longer.[20] Why this is the case is unclear and may dependent in part on those who have children adopting a healthier lifestyle, support from children, or the circumstances that led to not having children.[20] [edit] In many cultures, inability to conceive bears a stigma. Placenta Percreta Invading Bladder. (PDF, 2 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1973. But if you haven’t had a period in months, it’s time to get your fertility checked. Semen analysis The semen analysis is a very important test and should be done early in the evaluation process. Pro-life opposition to the destruction of embryos not transferred in vivo. Smoking: Smoking significantly increases the risk of infertility in both men and women, and it may undermine the effects of fertility treatment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Long-term use of aspirin or ibuprofen may make it harder to conceive. This allows for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as endometriosis with one procedure. Bhaskar Dutta/Photoshare Clinical definitions Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.”… (WHO-ICMART glossary1). “Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in one year. Experts differ as to when genetic tests should be done. Less than 50% motility may significantly affect the ability for sperm to fertilize the egg without therapy; and (4) morphology, or shape – there are three parts of the sperm that are analyzed for morphology: the head, midpeice, and tail.