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Endometriosis can only be confirmed by surgery, usually laparoscopy. Basal body temperatures are no longer considered a reliable indicator of ovulation, and are not recommended for evaluating ovulation. Polycystic ovary syndrome causes infrequent periods or a total absence of them and is the most common cause of anovulation (an absence of ovulation). Also searched were the Cochrane database, the National Guideline Clearinghouse database, Dynamed, and Essential Evidence Plus. If a tube is blocked and filled with fluid (called a hydrosalpinx), then minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy or hysteroscopy) to either remove the tube or block/separate it from the uterus prior to any fertility treatments is recommended. It does not include procedures in which only sperm are manipulated, such as intrauterine insemination, or procedures in which a woman takes drugs only to stimulate egg production, without the intention of having eggs retrieved.

Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) for Non-obstructive Azoospermia.(PDF, 1 MB) 10th World Congress on In Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction, 1997. Veltman-Verhulst SM, Cohlen BJ, Hughes E, Heineman MJ. Laboratory testing – Depending on the results of the evaluation discussed above, your physician may request specific blood tests. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and a thin, flexible microscope with a light at the end, called a laparoscope, is inserted through it. An abnormal semen analysis warrants a further evaluation usually by a reproductive urologist. An Azoospermic Man with a do novo Point Mutation in the Y-chromosome Gene USP9Y. (PDF, 381 KB) Nature Genetics, 1999.

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Periparturient Problems in Small Animals Was This Page Helpful?Infertility definitions and terminology A couple sits at the bank of a lake in Ahmedabad, India. Epididymal Extravasation Following Vasectomy as a Cause for Failure of Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 22 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1979. And about 15% of infertile men have normal semen and plenty of normal sperm. Linthicum, Md.: American Urological Association, Inc.; 2010. PID is a major cause of tubal infertility and can lead to ectopic pregnancy, which may further damage the reproductive system.

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Our goal is to have each and every patient feel as part of our team, a team that is focused on helping them have a healthy baby. Mumps: If this occurs after puberty, inflammation of the testicles may affect sperm production. Bensdorp AJ, Cohlen BJ, Heineman MJ, Vandekerckhove P. Mumps, leading to orchitis (testicular inflammation), may cause secondary testicular atrophy in the small number of men infected after puberty. One of such conditions is a varicocele – one of the major causes of male infertility – that occurs when a vein that carries blood out of the scrotum dilates.

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This may reflect an unknown immunological incompatibility or other unknown problem with fertilization or implantation. 37 Clomiphene has also proven effective for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Ongoing Pregnancies and Birth after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection with Frozen-thawed Epididymal Spermatozoa. (PDF, 442 KB) Human Reproduction, 1995. If this is unsuccessful, the dosage may be increased to 100 mg daily. Low sperm mobility (motility): The sperm cannot "swim" as well as they should to reach the egg. Role of Semen Analysis in Subfertile Couples. (PDF, 250 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2010. For unknown reasons, as women age, egg numbers decrease at a rapid rate. Male and female factors can exist in isolation or combination and fertility investigations, diagnoses and treatment should always be considered in the context of the couple.       Male factor Sperm problems will contribute to about 40% of infertility cases. Testosterone therapy may allow patients to achieve normal height but does not improve spermatogenesis. Sperm counts can fluctuate, so that several samples may be necessary. It is further sub-divided into primary and secondary sterility. There are three main types of fertility treatment: medical treatment (such as ovulation induction therapy); surgical treatment (such as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy); and the different assisted reproduction techniques [37]. Medical conditions Some medical conditions can affect fertility. Inhibin B levels have been reported to decrease with increasing weight, which results in decreased Sertoli cells and sperm production. 6 The initial history should cover menstrual history, timing and frequency of intercourse, previous use of contraception, previous pregnancies and outcomes, pelvic infections, medication use, occupational exposures, substance abuse, alcohol intake, tobacco use, and previous surgery on reproductive organs.