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Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration and Assisted Reproductive Techniques. (PDF, 4 MB) Frontiers in Human Reproduction, 1991. In cases of poor sperm quality, intrauterine insemination can be performed. Several studies have reported different causes of infertility [7-9]. 34 Although intrauterine insemination has been shown to be equally effective as timed intercourse in unstimulated cycles, there is a modest increase in live birth rates when combined with ovarian stimulation.

Some physical effects may also result from treatment. Reproductive Biology. (PDF, 147 KB) The Scientist, 1996. IVF and related techniques (ICSI, ZIFT, GIFT) are called assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques. A typical adverse effect can be ovarian hyperstimulation. Epidemiology[edit] Prevalence of infertility varies depending on the definition, i.e. on the time span involved in the failure to conceive. Medical conditions Some medical conditions can affect fertility.

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Any of the following can cause a man to have a low sperm count or abnormal sperm: Varicocele — an abnormal collection of bulging veins above the testicle; they’re the most common cause of correctable male infertility, accounting for 38% of cases Undescended testicle Infections in the testicle (orchitis), the prostate (prostatitis), or elsewhere in the body that causes a fever Chemotherapy for cancer Medicines such as anabolic steroids or anti-seizure medicines Genetic abnormalities Hormone problems In some cases, these problems can be reversed, but other times they can’t. Hereditary causes: due to chromosome or genetic abnormalities. 0.[44] Environmental factors Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides.[45][46] Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.[47] German scientists have reported that a virus called adeno-associated virus might have a role in male infertility,[48] though it is otherwise not harmful.[49] Other diseases such as chlamydia, and gonorrhea can also cause infertility, due to internal scarring (fallopian tube obstruction).[50][51][52] Alimentary habits[53] Obesity: The obesity epidemic has recently become is a serious issue, particularly in industrialized nations.

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It could be related to hormone issues, to endometriosis, or to other underlying conditions that could also be contributing to infertility. Human male infertility, the Y chromosome, and dinosaur extinction. (PDF, 1 MB) Middle East Fertility Society Journal, January 18, 2011.Oath und seine Partner benötigen Ihre Einwilligung, um auf Ihr Gerät zuzugreifen und Ihre Daten (einschließlich Standort) zu nutzen, um mehr über Ihre Interessen zu erfahren, personalisierte Anzeigen bereitzustellen und deren Effektivität zu messen. Erectile dysfunction Hormonal changes, psychological factors, or physical issues may make it difficult to get or keep an erection. When anatomic variance or obstruction is suspected, referral for surgical evaluation and treatment is appropriate. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy adult, except notably among certain eusocial species (mostly haplodiploid insects). European Association of Urology guidelines on male infertility: the 2012 update.

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Seminal vesicle aspiration revealing numerous sperm or a dynamic test such as injection of indigo carmine into the seminal vesicle or ejaculatory duct may be necessary for diagnosis.[31] Ejaculation issues Anejaculation/retrograde ejaculation may be due to an open bladder neck or a lack of rhythmic contractions during ejaculation.Causes of Infertility A problem in any one of a number of key processes can result in infertility. View Media Gallery FSH and LH, glycopeptides with a molecular weight of 10,000 Daltons, are each composed of an alpha chain that is identical to that of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), but with a beta chain that is unique for each. Studies on Testicular Biopsies from Vasectomized Men. (PDF, 18 MB) Chapter 21 from Vasectomy: Immunologic and Pathophysiologic Effects in Animals and Man, 1979. If he has two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome, as in Klinefelter's syndrome, the testicles will develop abnormally and there will be low testosterone and a low sperm count or no sperm. Teratospermia is defined as less than 30% normal morphology, and the WHO lower reference limit (5th percentile) is 4%. Fertility Evaluation of the Male Partner: Other Tests Other tests for men include: Urine analysis to rule out an infection. Other factors, such as luteal phase defect or production of anti-sperm antibodies. Peripheral organ The hypothalamus-pituitary axis may be interrupted by hormonally active peripheral tumors or other exogenous factors, due to cortical excess, cortical deficiency, or estrogen excess. In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Image: “Assisted Reproductive Technology” by BruceBlaus. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and a thin, flexible microscope with a light at the end, called a laparoscope, is inserted through it.