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If the correction is not done, it may be harder for the sperm to get to the female's cervix. Sperm are then collected, washed, and added to the eggs in the dish. Editorial: The Cure and Proliferation of Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1998. Microsurgical Aspects of Varicocele. (PDF, 9 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1979. Causes of Female Infertility The following causes may lead to infertility in women: Pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to blocked or damaged fallopian tubes. GIFT (gamete intrafallopian tube transfer) and ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer).  Like IVF, these procedures involve retrieving an egg, combining it with sperm in a lab, and then transferring it back to your body.

Retrograde ejaculation: Sperm can be taken directly from the bladder and injected into an egg in the laboratory. Further investigations may be requested according to the clinical presentation and the results of preliminary tests. High environmental temperature and excessive conditioning resulting in increased body temperature can induce either temporary or permanent azoospermia. In women, both smoking and alcohol use are associated with lower rates of conception and increased rates of spontaneous abortion. In such cases, OPKs and those fertility monitors which are based on LH may show false results, with an increased number of false positives or false negatives. Orchitis The most common cause of acquired testicular failure in adults is viral orchitis, such as that caused by the mumps virus, echovirus, or group B arbovirus.

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According to Ross, “anything that improves quality of health, like adequate sleep and nutrition,” should improve fertility. This combination of laboratory test results may indicate ovarian insufficiency or diminished ovarian reserve.

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Chronic conditions: These include AIDS or cancer. For unknown reasons, as women age, egg numbers decrease at a rapid rate. Infertility in men Semen and sperm The most common cause of infertility in men is poor-quality semen, the fluid containing sperm that's ejaculated during sex. Unexplained infertility is not the same thing as having no explanation, but rather reflects the fact that the tests performed have been normal. Results of Microsurgical Vasoepididymostomy: Role of Epididymis in Sperm Maturation. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1989. If an endocrinopathy, such as hyperprolactinemia, is diagnosed, the underlying cause should be treated.

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A luteal phase defect results in low production of the hormone progesterone, which is necessary for maintaining a pregnancy. In addition, infertility is considered also a public problem. 1 Infertility is medically defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sex. Laboratory testing – Depending on the results of the evaluation discussed above, your physician may request specific blood tests. It does not affect the couples' life only, but it also affects the healthcare services and social environment [4]. Get Permissions Email Alerts Don't miss a single issue. Genetics of Male Infertility: Evolution of the X and Y Chromosome and Transmission of Male Infertility to Future Generations. (PDF, 10 MB) Chapter 5 from Essential IVF, 2004. Secondary fertility involves one or both partners who have conceived previously, but are now unable to do so because of a possible physical or medical condition impairing fertility. Contents Types[edit] Cholecystectomy as seen through a laparoscope There are two types of laparoscope:[2] a telescopic rod lens system, usually connected to a video camera (single chip or three chip) a digital laparoscope where a miniature digital video camera is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system The mechanism mentioned in the second type is mainly used to improve the image quality of flexible endoscopes, replacing traditional fiberscopes.