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BMI (body mass index) may be a significant factor in fertility, as an increase in BMI in the male by as little as three units can be associated with infertility. Because of the antiestrogenic effect, CC may thicken the cervical mucus, creating an iatrogenic cervical factor that can be responsible for the lack of pregnancy in a patient who has otherwise ovulated. [165] Other adverse effects associated with CC are hot flashes, scotomas, dryness of the vagina, headache, and ovarian hyperstimulation, which, although rare, has been reported in patients who are sensitive to CC. [166, 167] Whether the use of CC increases the risk of ovarian cancer is unknown, although 2 articles illustrate a potential risk. [168] Other authorities disagree with this assumption. 0.[44] Environmental factors Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides.[45][46] Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.[47] German scientists have reported that a virus called adeno-associated virus might have a role in male infertility,[48] though it is otherwise not harmful.[49] Other diseases such as chlamydia, and gonorrhea can also cause infertility, due to internal scarring (fallopian tube obstruction).[50][51][52] Alimentary habits[53] Obesity: The obesity epidemic has recently become is a serious issue, particularly in industrialized nations. In this case synthetic FSH by injection or Clomid (Clomiphene citrate) via a pill can be given to stimulate follicles to mature in the ovaries. Nonchromosomal testicular failure Testicular failure that is nonchromosomal in origin may be idiopathic or acquired by gonadotoxic drugs, radiation, orchitis, trauma, or torsion. If the sperm are of good quality and the mechanics of the woman's reproductive structures are good (patent fallopian tubes, no adhesions or scarring), a course of ovulation induction maybe used.

Sperm are then collected, washed, and added to the eggs in the dish. Obtaining morning levels of total testosterone (normal range = 240 to 950 ng per dL [8. Ovarian Transplantation in a Series of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Ovarian Failure. (PDF, 188 KB) The New England Journal of Medicine, 2007.

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Changes in virility, often governed by hormones, could indicate issues with fertility. This test measures the ability of the sperm to penetrate a specially prepared egg from an animal, usually a hamster. Infertility Tests History and physical examination – First and foremost, your fertility physician will take a very thorough medical and fertility history. Y Chromosome Deletions in Azoospermic and Severely Oligozoospermic Men Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection after Testicular Sperm Extraction. (PDF, 336 KB) Human Reproduction, 1998. Use of clomiphene citrate in infertile women: a committee opinion.

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Ovulation disorders can be treated with ovulation-inducing drugs. Role of Semen Analysis in Subfertile Couples. (PDF, 250 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2010. Sperm from the head move with immature wide arcs and are generally unable to penetrate the egg, while those from the tail propel forward and have better penetration capacity.

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Cystic fibrosis: This is a chronic disease that results in the creation of a sticky mucus. Factors effecting normal expectancy of conception. The impact of fibroids located elsewhere in the uterus are controversial and do not always require surgery. Heavy, long, or painful periods Heavy periods may indicate an underlying condition affecting fertility. If a woman has cycles at intervals of greater than 35 days, it may indicate that she is not ovulating an egg predictably, or even at all. Those with a varicocele diagnosable only on scrotal ultrasonography have subclinical varicoceles and will likely not benefit from repair. Periparturient Problems in Small Animals Was This Page Helpful?Infertility definitions and terminology A couple sits at the bank of a lake in Ahmedabad, India.